A Basic Idea About Hologram
    
 A History of Commercial holograms The following table gives you an idea about chronological invention of different holograms and their usage in various applications. This table is provided by IHMA, the International Hologram Manufacturers Associations.
| 1947 |
Hungarian scientist Denis Gabor invents holography. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1971 for his invention. He used mercury arc lamp using exposures of many hours to make two-dimensional (flat image) holograms. |
| 1958 |
Yuri Denisyuk invented volume holography. This is process which is used to make white light reflection holograms. Like Gabor, he also used mercury arc lamps as the light source. He was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1970. |
| 1960 |
Theodore H Maiman made the first device for light amplification using stimulated emission of radiation or laser, thereby providing a more powerful source of the coherent, monochrome light required to produce holograms. |
| 1958-1962 |
Emmett Leith and Juris Upatnieks invented the off-axis reference beam technique to make the first laser transmission hologram in 1962. |
| 1968 |
Stephen Benton invents white light transmission, or popularly known as rainbow holograms. This is a technique to see hologram in multitude of colors in ordinary light. |
| 1976 |
The Holographic Museum was founded in New York as an International center for the understanding and advancement of holography. |
| Late 1970s |
Mike Foster makes the first mechanically produced hologram.
    
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| 1979 |
Steve McGrew develops an embossing mass production technique for surface relief holograms. |
| 1982 |
McGrew also invents 2D/3D holograms to create layering of flat images, which enabled embossed holograms easier to be seen in ambient light. |
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Master Card adds a hologram to its cards to combat fraud. The following year Visa follows suit. |
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Hershey Corp. uses a hologram stickers as a promotion for its chocolate confectionery, Reese's Pieces, which is the first major brand to use a hologram for promotion |
| 1984 |
The front cover of the March issue of National Geographic featured a hologram. |
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The first major brand to use a hologram to combat product counterfeiting is Johnnie Walker Scotch whiskey. |
| 1988 |
Glaxo is the first pharmaceutical company to use holograms for brand protection, on Zantac which at that time was the world's best-selling drug brand. |
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DuPont launches its holographic photopolymer for production of volume holograms or white light reflection holograms. |
| 1989 |
Holograms first appear on banknotes (the Austrian 500 schilling).
    
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| 1991 |
Digital holography makes its first appearance in the form of dot matrix holograms. |
| 1994 |
SmithKline Beecham launches Aquafresh® Whitening toothpaste in the USA in a holographic laminated carton, the first time holographic packaging has been used for branding. |
| 1995 |
Iraq is the first country to use a hologram on its standard passport |
| 2001 |
Global sales of holograms reach $1.09 billion |
| 2002 |
The Euro banknotes go into circulation with a hologram on all seven denominations. |
| 2003 |
Stephen Benton, inventor of rainbow holograms, dies. |
| 2005 |
Emmett Leith, inventor of off-axis laser transmission holograms, dies. |
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Holograms are frequently used for security purposes. A Hologram is a type of photographic image having three-dimensional effect and appears to have depth. According to science, whenever an object is viewed, the human eyes each receive a distinct image. This image is received from slightly offset reference points and it is the human brain which combines the image into a three-dimensional one. The same effect is produced artificially by a hologram. A hologram is produced using the technique of holography, which can also be used to optically store, process and retrieve information. In short and simple terms, hologram is three-dimensional laser photography, containing depth and parallax, which mean the ability to see around the object.
     
Holography has today emerged as an important tool in science and technology. It is a well used method to produce pictures and represents one of the most prominent examples of recombining of scattered radiation to produce pictures. This process of producing holograms is now spreading from the research laboratory to various industries, and holograms find wider employment in communication and other engineering problems. A hologram is not only a three-dimensional image but also can store numerous quantities of information. In the computer technology, holograms can be used to store memories which are much larger and faster. Hologram has today become a very well known concept in credit cards, tickets or original covers on software computer programs or any objects to prevent falsification. An important area of application of hologram is bar-code readers in shops, warehouses, libraries etc. A code reader is based on the use of holographic components like optical gratings. Some other examples of the use of holographic technology is in the aircraft industry's head-up displays (HUD) or for making holographic optical elements (HOE) and so on. All these have contributed to make holography an industrial success.
     
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