Holography Technology The holography technology can best be understood under the following two categories:
| Recording Process of Holography |
The process of holography uses a reference beam to produce a recording of the phase of the light at every point in an image. The reference beam is combined with the light from the scene or the object which is referred as the object beam. Due to the superposition of the light waves, optical interference between the object beam and the reference beam produces a series of intensity fringes. These fringes can be recorded on standard photographic film and they form a type of diffraction grating on the film. This is called the hologram or the interference pattern.
It is also important to note that during holographic recording, rather than from just one point, each point on the hologram's surface is affected by light waves and these waves are reflected from all points in the scene. It means that during recording, each point on the hologram's surface acts like an eye which records everything it sees in any direction. After the hologram has been recorded, looking at a point in that hologram is similar to looking "through" one of those eyes. For example, you look at a small or cut out section of a recorded hologram. It is evident that from the same distance you see less than what you see in the full image. But still you can see the entire object by shifting your viewpoint laterally or by going very close to the hologram.
| Reconstruction Process of Hologram |
Once the film is processed, if there is illumination again with the reference beam, the original object beam in both intensity and phase is reconstructed with the diffraction from the fringe pattern on the film. The image appears three-dimensional because both the phase and intensity are reproduced. The image would rotate exactly as the original object would when the viewer move his or her viewpoint. Since there is an interference between the reference and object beams. There is the use of laser in holography. The light from the laser is divided into two beams-the reference beam and the object beam.
| Difference between recording a hologram and taking a photograph |
Recording a hologram is different from taking a photograph in various ways which are given below:
- In hologram, it is necessary that a coherent light source like a laser is used to illuminate the object.
- There is a second beam of coherent light which strike the film on which the hologram is to be recorded. This is called the reference beam. The reference beam and the object beam overlap at the surface of the film and they form an interference pattern.
- The recording material is capable of recording these fine patterns and a high-resolution photographic film is used.
- Because the lines that make up the hologram is usually less than a micron, holographic recording is more sensitive to movement and vibrations compared to photographic recording. This is actually a very serious restriction as it usually confines holography to the laboratory where vibration isolation is created.
| Why should holography be used? |
The reasons for using Hologram and holographic products are as follows:
- Pass Around Value: Since holograms have impressive appearance, it is likely that people will bring them to top notice of colleagues and associates.
  
- Impact: It is a known fact that holograms are looked at significantly and longer than other graphic mediums because they are eye-catching. Any name or logo or slogan on the hologram has greater impact and the message is enforced.
     - Security: Holograms are widely used for security purpose. It is not possible to to duplicate holograms and hence they have become an essential part of many government and commercial security programs. Holograms are applied to documents, ID cards, currency, and product labels.
- Retention: Holograms are certain objects which can be treasured for a long time which is not the case with another object, be it a pen or a calendar or a diary.
  
- Commercial Purpose: Commercially, holographic products, comprise a very unique market in themselves. They are sold as retail products in the market . Various products like greeting cards, direct-mail literature, trading cards, collectibles, packaging and displays etc. have holographic images.
  
- Promotional Purpose: Holographic products have great promotional effects as they diffract the seven colors of the spectrum when the light falls on them and create an unique three-dimensional image. Once applied to the product, the apparent value of the product is automatically enhanced no matter which way you look at it.
| Benefits or Uses of Holograms |
Some popular benefits or uses of holograms can be summarized as follows:
- Holograms combats counterfeiting.
- They cannot be reproduced.
- They provide product authentication.
- They minimizes document tampering
- Holograms are quick and easy optical validation.
- They enhance packaging appeal and increase brand sales.
  
  
| Applications of Holograms |
Holograms are used in various products like as follows:
- Currency
- Credit Card
- Legal Document
- Government Document
- ID Badge
- Stock Certificate
- Passport
- Prescription Pad
- Automobile Registration
- Drivers License
- Branded Products
- Collectibles
- Warranty Seals
- Apparel
- Liquor
- Tickets
- Gift Certificates
- Stamps
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Holograms are frequently used for security purposes. A Hologram is a type of photographic image having three-dimensional effect and appears to have depth. According to science, whenever an object is viewed, the human eyes each receive a distinct image. This image is received from slightly offset reference points and it is the human brain which combines the image into a three-dimensional one. The same effect is produced artificially by a hologram. A hologram is produced using the technique of holography, which can also be used to optically store, process and retrieve information. In short and simple terms, hologram is three-dimensional laser photography, containing depth and parallax, which mean the ability to see around the object.
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