Manufacturing Process of a Hologram A hologram is made by illuminating a 3-dimensional (3D) object in the powerful beam of laser light. Light waves that are reflected from the object makes a pattern. This pattern is recorded on a special type of holographic plate. When this is developed and light falls onto it, the original object is recreated. This image appears as a fully three-dimensional image. A large number of new creative possibilities is opened by holography using a new visual reality. Holography allows any artist to produce his type of work which on the other hand would be impossible in any other medium. There are nowadays advanced laser techniques with various art forms producing an entirely new level of artistic expression thereby creating an enchanting environment for home or office. Holograms are usually light and easy to send or carry and make a a wonderful gift or a fascinating addition to any collection.
| Steps in making a hologram? |
Steps involved in producing a holographic image of an actual, three-dimensional object are as follows:
- Mastering
Step 1: A laser is used. This laser illuminates the physical object. The reflected light falls on the photoresist plate. At the same time, a reference beam from the laser falls directly on the photoresist plate. There is an interference between these two light beams which react with the photo-sensitive coating thereby recording a holographic image of the object.
Step 2: The master is the plate on which the original hologram is recorded. The master is processed in a chemical bath using standard photographic developers after being exposed. The master is also expected to confirm that the image is properly recorded before proceeding with production.
- Electroforming
Step 3: The master is mounted into frame. It is then sprayed with silver paint which helps in achieving good electrical conductivity. The frame is put inside a tank along with a supply of nickel. An electric current is produced, and the master is electroplated with nickel. The frame or jig is then removed from the tank and then it is washed with deionized water. The metal master shim, which is the thin, nickel coating, is removed off the master plate. This shim contains a negative image of the master hologram. The negative is the mirror image of the original hologram.
Using the same processes, several shims are created. Those that are produced from the metal master shim are known as "grandmothers,". "Grandmother shim" contains positive images of the original hologram. At this times, various copies of the original image are duplicated in rows on one shim and are used to print multiple copies with a single impression. Successive generations of shims are known by various names like "mothers," "daughters," and "stamper shims." These generations of shims alternate between negative and positive images of the original hologram. The stamper shims are used when actual production runs to print the final product holograms and these shims are negative images.
- Embossing
Step 4: Stamper shims are put inside embossing machines. A roll of polyester film or other similar material, coated with an acrylic coating, runs through the machine. Under severe heat and pressure, the shim pushes the holographic image onto the film. This goes to a depth of 25 millionths of a millimeter. The embossed film is then re-wound onto a roll.
- Metallizing
Step 5: The next step is to load the embossed film roll into a chamber from which the air is removed to create a vacuum. There is an aluminum wire in the chamber which is vaporized by heating it to 2000°F or 1,093°C. The roll is exposed to the vaporized aluminum and in turn another roll is formed and in the process the roll is coated with aluminum. The film is treated to restore moisture lost under the hot vacuum condition, after it is removed from the vacuum chamber. Another coating of lacquer is applied to the film and this creates a surface that can be imprinted with ink. The roll of film is again sliced into narrower rolls.
- Converting
Step 6: There can be another step depending on what type of film was used and what kind of product is being made. For example, to give strength, the film can laminated to paper board. The film is given desired shapes for the final product. It can be printed with messages. Pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied to the back of holograms which can be later fixed to other objects or used as stickers.
- Finishing
Step 7: For marketing, the final holograms are either fixed to other products or are packaged for shipment.
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| Why should holography be used? |
The reasons for using Hologram and holographic products are as follows:
- Pass Around Value: Since holograms have impressive appearance, it is likely that people will bring them to top notice of colleagues and associates.
  
- Impact: It is a known fact that holograms are looked at significantly and longer than other graphic mediums because they are eye-catching. Any name or logo or slogan on the hologram has greater impact and the message is enforced.
     - Security: Holograms are widely used for security purpose. It is not possible to to duplicate holograms and hence they have become an essential part of many government and commercial security programs. Holograms are applied to documents, ID cards, currency, and product labels.
- Retention: Holograms are certain objects which can be treasured for a long time which is not the case with another object, be it a pen or a calendar or a diary.
  
- Commercial Purpose: Commercially, holographic products, comprise a very unique market in themselves. They are sold as retail products in the market . Various products like greeting cards, direct-mail literature, trading cards, collectibles, packaging and displays etc. have holographic images.
  
- Promotional Purpose: Holographic products have great promotional effects as they diffract the seven colors of the spectrum when the light falls on them and create an unique three-dimensional image. Once applied to the product, the apparent value of the product is automatically enhanced no matter which way you look at it.
| Benefits or Uses of Holograms |
Some popular benefits or uses of holograms can be summarized as follows:
- Holograms combats counterfeiting.
- They cannot be reproduced.
- They provide product authentication.
- They minimizes document tampering
- Holograms are quick and easy optical validation.
- They enhance packaging appeal and increase brand sales.
  
  
| Applications of Holograms |
Holograms are used in various products like as follows:
- Currency
- Credit Card
- Legal Document
- Government Document
- ID Badge
- Stock Certificate
- Passport
- Prescription Pad
- Automobile Registration
- Drivers License
- Branded Products
- Collectibles
- Warranty Seals
- Apparel
- Liquor
- Tickets
- Gift Certificates
- Stamps
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Holograms are frequently used for security purposes. A Hologram is a type of photographic image having three-dimensional effect and appears to have depth. According to science, whenever an object is viewed, the human eyes each receive a distinct image. This image is received from slightly offset reference points and it is the human brain which combines the image into a three-dimensional one. The same effect is produced artificially by a hologram. A hologram is produced using the technique of holography, which can also be used to optically store, process and retrieve information. In short and simple terms, hologram is three-dimensional laser photography, containing depth and parallax, which mean the ability to see around the object.
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